복숭아상자

 랑시에르에게 브르디외와 같은 반미학을 외치는 구조주의자들은 오히려 민주주의에 반하는 것처럼 보이는 것 같다. 그는 프랑스 혁명 당시 집을 짓는 노동자가 "as if" 라고 생각했던 데서부터 미학을 가져온다. 미학은 인식론이다. 모든 지식은 미학적이다. 미학이란 예술을 어떻게 이해할 것인가에 대한 하나의 consensus이고 합의이나 새로운 스타일의 등장은 예술을 어떻게 인식할 것인가에 대한 새로운 논의를 가져온다. 따라서 그것은 정치적이다.

고로 새로운 스타일의 등장, 미학을 어떻게 만들어 갈 것인가의 문제는 정치적 급진성을 담지한다.

parrhesia01_ranciere.pdf

Levinas, Derrida and Others vis-à-vis by John Llewelyn

For Kant, “The other person is to be respected, only because the other person is a rational agent, and he is a rational agent only in so far as he personifies the moral law and is capable of exercising a freedom to refrain from following rules of behavior that could not be universally followed or willed. By the same standard the agent is entitled and obliged to respect himself” (136-137p)

Kant : The metaphysics of ethics is a foundation of justice.

Levinas: The ethical is a condition of justice, not a foundation.

Therefore, the ethical is Kantian deontological morality vs. teleological morality of self-interest and general interest. (both ontological)

The ethical of levinas : Prior to all structures. It is the superlation of passivity. Because it is prior to the third person.

l  What is prior to the third-personal point of view.

In short, what both these anecdotes share is the occurrence of an insurmountable parallax gap, the confrontation of two closely linked perspectives between which no neutral common ground is possible.  In a first approach, such a notion of parallax gap cannot but appear as a kind of Kantian revenge over Hegel: is not “parallax” yet another name for a fundamental antinomy which can never be dialectically “mediated/ sublated” into a higher synthesis, since there is no common language, no shared ground, between the two levels? (...)far from posing an irreducible obstacle to dialectics, the notion of the parallax gap provides the key which enables us to discern its subversive core.

Zizek, Slavoj. Parallax View.
Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 2006. p 4.
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/uon/Doc?id=10173638&ppg=15
Copyright © 2006. MIT Press. All rights reserved.

Dialectical materialism -> Metaphysical Universe & Historical Materialism -> Metaphysical special (레닌)

그러나 지젝이 보기에 이는 보편과 특수 사이의 차이가 아니라 particular itself.  Parallax View 에 의한 gap. (5p)